40 idioms from historical allusions to help your children understand half of Chinese history

Understanding the history of ancient China can not only help children improve the connotation of their compositions, but also allow them to explore their cultural roots and understand the profound historical heritage of Chinese culture. Therefore, today Doudehui has collected and compiled 40 Chinese and historical allusions for you. Teachers and students are welcome to forward and collect them! 1. Descendants of Yan and Huang: About 4,700 years ago, the Yellow Emperor united with the Yan Emperor to defeat Chi (chī) of the Jiuli tribe. Chi You\’s captives were called \”Li people\”. After that, the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Emperor tribe and became the leader of the tribal alliance in the Central Plains. Later generations hailed the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese people. Because the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor were close relatives and merged together, we call ourselves \”descendants of the Yan and Huang emperors.\” 2. Dayu controlled the floods/passed through the house three times without entering: During the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, the Yellow River flooded. Yu adopted the methods of \”opening, dredging, dredging, digging, and diversion\” to control the water. Because of his achievements in water control, he was promoted as the leader of the tribal alliance. Dayu controlled floods for 13 years. He spent all his efforts and energy, \”passing through the house three times without entering\”, and finally completed the great cause of flood control. 3. Unruly and unruly: Jie (jié), the 16th generation king of the Xia Dynasty, is a famous tyrant in history. \”Jie\’s dog barks at Yao\” and \”unruly and unruly\” all come from this person. 4. Playing with the princes with beacon fire: King You of Zhou had to spend a lot of money to make his concubine laugh. The princes played with beacon fire and paid a heavy price. The capital of the country, Haojing, was attacked by dog ​​soldiers, King You of Zhou was killed, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed. The prince ascended the throne and became King Ping of Zhou Dynasty. He moved the capital to Luoyi, which was called the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. 5. The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period: The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two periods in history: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Duke Huan of Qi, who was the first to dominate, together with Duke Wen of Jin (Chong\’er), Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and Duke Zhuang of Chu, are known in history as the \”Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period\”. (The latter two are also said to be King Helu of Wu and King Goujian of Yue) 6. The friendship between Guan and Bao: refers to the friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao Ziya, two wise ministers of Duke Huan of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. 7. The good of Qin and Jin: refers to the fact that Duke Mu of Qin helped Chong\’er, the exiled prince of Jin who was in exile in Qin, to return to the country and become the king of the country, and married his daughter Wen Ying (yíng) to Chong\’er, thus achieving the \”good of Qin and Jin\”. 8. Aiming for the throne in the Central Plains: The tripod is a symbol of ancient state power. The importance of Duke Zhuang of Chu\’s aspiration for the throne was meant to replace the Zhou Dynasty. \”Aiming for the throne in the Central Plains\” originated from this. 9. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, lay down on the fuel and tasted gall. After 22 years, he took revenge and destroyed the Wu Kingdom, becoming the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period. 10. Shang Yang’s Reform: Shang Yang (yāng), formerly known as Gongsun Yang, made Qin strong through reforms during the reign of Duke Xiao of Qin. However, he offended the prince because of his law enforcement. After the prince (King Huiwen of Qin) came to the throne, he was tortured by splitting a chariot (dividing his body into pieces by five horses). By executing him, Shang Yang could be said to have \”trapped himself in a cocoon\”. 11. Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao: Sun Bin and Pang Juan were brothers from the same school, but Pang Juan was jealous of Sun Bin\’s talent, slandered the Wei emperor, and dug out Sun Bin\’s patella. Sun Bin pretended to be crazy and was rescued by the Qi State. Later, he had the deed of \”besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao\”. He also planned to defeat the Wei army in a battle and killed Pang Juan. \”You must not have the intention of harming others, and you must have the intention of guarding against others.\” \”Anyone who commits unrighteousness will inevitably be killed.\” These are the revelations this incident gave to future generations. Sun Bin wrote \”Sun Bin\’s Art of War\”. 12. The four great princes during the Warring States Period: Tian Wen, Lord Mengchang of Qi State, Zhao Sheng, Lord Pingyuan of Zhao State, Wei Wuji, Lord Xinling of Wei State, and Huang Xie, Lord Chunshen of Chu State. 13. Qu Yuan and \”\”Chu Ci\”: Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. Qu Yuan was a great poet, politician, thinker, and patriot in our country. He was exiled because of slander. Later, because he couldn\’t bear to see the country (Chu State) fall, he bouldered and threw himself into the Miluo River. People took boats to look for corpses but did not find them. In order to prevent fish from eating them, they poured rice into the river in bamboo tubes. This later evolved into dragon boat racing, making rice dumplings, and later evolved into the Dragon Boat Festival. He wrote patriotic poems such as \”Li Sao\”, \”Heavenly Questions\” and \”Nine Chapters\”, which were compiled into \”Chu Ci\” by later generations and have been passed down to this day. 14. Zhao Kuo talked about war on paper: Qin attacked Zhao, and the veteran general Lian Po defended it. Qin had no strategy. Later Qin sent Lian Po away in a plan of alienation. Zhao Kuo appointed Zhao Kuo to command the army. This man only knew how to talk about war on paper and had no ability in actual combat. Defeated by Qin general Bai Qi, all 400,000 Zhao soldiers, except for 240 young ones, were trapped and killed in Changping. The Battle of Changping became a major tragedy in history. 15. Mao Sui self-recommends: Mao Sui, a retainer of Zhao Sheng, Pingyuan King of Zhao State. When Qin attacked Zhao State, he persuaded Chu State to join forces to fight against Qin State, and he \”showed his sharp edge\” and \”stand out\”. \”Ying\” refers to the handle of an awl. 16. Jing Ke assassinated the King of Qin: After King Qin Yingzheng came to power, he destroyed Han and Zhao, and captured the State of Yan. Prince Dan of the State of Yan sent the warrior Jing Ke to assassinate the King of Qin. \”The plan is to see the dagger\”. The assassination failed and he lost his life, but he was brave and resourceful. , the spirit of not fearing rape and disregarding death will forever be remembered in history. 17. Qin Shihuang unified China: King Qin successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu, Qi and Shandong, achieved the unification of China, and decided to adopt the title of emperor and call himself \”First Emperor\”. 18. Farewell My Concubine: General Han Xin planned to trap Xiang Yu under a gāi. Xiang Yu loved his wife Yu Ji, and after singing \”The Han army has captured the territory, and is surrounded by enemies, the king is exhausted, how can this humble concubine survive\” before he drew his sword and committed suicide. . Xiang Yu retreated to Wujiang River, and the chief of the Wujiang Pavilion persuaded him to return to Jiangdong and become king. Xiang Yu was ashamed to see his elders in Jiangdong, so he drew his sword and committed suicide by the Wujiang River. \”He was born as a hero, and died as a ghost hero.\” The overlord of Western Chu ended his life. 19. Flying General Li Guang: A fierce general of the Han Dynasty who fought against the Huns all his life and won the reputation of Flying General. Later, he was framed by Wei Qing and committed suicide with his sword. There is a poem by Wang Changling, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, who said: \”The moon was bright in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty passed, and the people who marched thousands of miles have not returned. But the Dragon City Flying General is here, and he will not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountains.\” The Dragon City Flying General is talking about Li Guang. 20. Sima Qian\’s \”Historical Records\”: In the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Qian followed his father\’s will and wrote \”Tai Shi Gong Ji\” (\”Historical Records\”). He was \”corrupted\” by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he interceded for General Li Ling. \”Everyone is destined to die, and it may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather.\” It took more than ten years to finally complete \”Historical Records\”, which was praised by Lu Xun as: the swan song of historians and the rhymeless Li Sao. 21. Ma Yuan will grow strong when he is old: Ma Yuan, a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, once said: \”A man who is determined will be strong when he is poor, and he will be strong when he is old.\” \”A man should die in the wilderness and be buried with his ears wrapped in horse leather.\” He used \”pile rice to make a mountain\” Analyzing the battle situation is also a pioneering work in the history of war. 22. Ban Chao gave up his writing and joined the army: Ban Chao was the second great explorer in Chinese history. He was knowledgeable in military affairs and courageous. He went to the Western Regions as an envoy at the age of 40 and returned to Luoyang at the age of 71. After 31 years, more than 50 countries in the Western Regions such as Shanshan, Yutian and Qiuci were once again under the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 23. Hold the emperor hostageTo order the princes: Wang Yun made a plan to kill Dong Zhuo and took charge of the government. Dong Zhuo\’s general Guo Si (sì) led the army to capture Chang\’an. Lu Bu fled. Wang Yun was killed. Guo Si took power. His uncle Dong Cheng and his general Yang Feng protected Han Xian Emperor and fled. , was taken by Cao Cao to Xuchang as his capital. Cao Cao proclaimed himself a general and began to \”hijack the emperor to order the princes.\” 24. Battle of Guandu: Cao Cao \”held the emperor to order the princes\” and had a conflict with Yuan Shao in the north. In 200 AD, Yuan Shao sent 100,000 troops to march but was defeated by Cao Cao. This is a famous example in history of defeating more with less. Then Cao Cao continued his campaign and unified the north. 25. Hua Tuo: A noted medical scientist at the end of the Han Dynasty who was particularly skilled in surgical techniques. He applied general anesthesia (Mafei Powder in wine) to surgical operations for the first time. He also created the \”Five Animal Play\” by imitating five kinds of animals: \”tiger, deer, bear, ape, and bird\”. 26. Three visits to the thatched cottage: Yuan Shao was defeated, Liu Bei took refuge with Liu Biao, and stationed in the small county of Xinye. He visited Mr. Shuijing in Xiangyang, Sima Hui (huī), and learned that Wolong and Fengchu could settle down the world. \”Wolong\” Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, Liu Bei visited Longzhong, Xiangyang three times, and asked Zhuge Liang to assist him, and followed the strategy of \”Longzhong Dui\” of \”alliance with Sun Wu in the east, occupy Jingyi in the west, ally with Yiyue in the south, and fight against Cao Cao in the north\” , accomplished the great cause of dividing the world. 27. The Seven Sons of Jian\’an: In Cao Cao\’s ruling group, the Seven Sons of Jian\’an: Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can (càn), Xu Qian (gàn), Ruan Yu (yǔ), Ying Jue (yáng), and Liu Zhen (zhēn) dominate Development of the literary world. 28. Guan Yu carelessly lost Jingzhou: In 222 AD, in order to recapture Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei sent troops to the Three Gorges to attack Soochow. He was defeated by Lu Xun at Yi Ling Xiao Pavilion and died of illness the following year. 29. Dedicated to the end of his life and died: Since the 5th year of the founding of the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang wrote a \”departure list\” to his successor Liu Chan (shàn), and sent troops to the Northern Expedition six times, which is known in history as \”Six Departures from Qishan\”. During the last Northern Expedition, he reached Wuzhangyuan and died of illness at the age of 54 due to physical and mental exhaustion. Although he did not realize his desire to unify the Central Plains, his wisdom and character will last forever. He truly \”dedicated himself to the consolidation and development of the Shu Han Dynasty until he died.\” 30. Sima Zhao’s intentions are known to everyone on the road: Cao Mao (máo), the grandson of Cao Pi, in 260 AD, because Sima Zhao’s increasing power threatened the throne, he claimed that Sima Zhao’s intentions for the Wei Dynasty were known to everyone on the road, and led the guards and servants in the palace to attack Sima Zhao Weiguo was killed; after Cao Mao\’s death, Sima Zhao made Cao Huan the emperor, that is, Emperor Yuan of Wei, and took sole power on his own. 31. Battle of Feishui: During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Fu Jian of the former Qin Dynasty attacked the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and his vanguard force was defeated by the Jin army. The Qin and Jin armies faced each other across the Feishui River. The Jin army asked the Qin army to retreat in order to cross the river to decide the outcome. When the Qin army retreated, some people in the Qin army shouted \”Qin army has been defeated\”, which led to the Qin army\’s chaos. The Jin army took advantage of the victory to attack and won a great victory. . Those who were lucky enough to escape abandoned their helmets and armor, and even heard the \”rumbling of the wind and cranes (lì)\” and thought it was the arrival of the Jin army. This is the famous \”Battle of Feishui\” in history. 32. Gu Kaizhi: An outstanding representative of painting in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was an early painting theorist in my country and his representative work is \”Luo Shen Fu Tu\”. 33. Fangmoudujue: refers toTwo of Tang Taizong\’s most capable prime ministers were Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui. Fang Xuanling was good at strategy, and Du Ruhui was able to handle important matters. The two cooperated tacitly to assist Tang Taizong, and Tang Taizong regarded them as his right-hand men. 34. Xuanzang (zàng) traveled to the West to collect Buddhist scriptures: In 627 AD, Chen Xuanzang traveled westward alone to collect Buddhist scriptures. He passed through 110 countries and arrived at the Buddhist holy land of Tianzhu. In 645 AD, he returned to Chang\’an. After 18 years, he brought back more than 600 Buddhist scriptures and wrote \” Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty. 35. The rule of Zhenguan: In May 649 AD, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty died of illness, and his ninth son Li Zhi (Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty) came to the throne. During his reign, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty \”Yan (yǎn) Wu Xiuwen\”, which made the people live and work in peace and contentment, the culture was prosperous, and the national power was at its peak. It is known as the \”Government of Zhenguan\” in history. 36. Empress Wu Zetian: In 690 AD, Wu Zetian ascended to Dabao under the \”Supreme Heaven\’s instructions\” and \”obeying the opinions of the public\”, changed the Tang Dynasty to \”Zhou\”, and named herself the \”Holy God Emperor\”. After Wu Zetian became emperor, he opened the imperial examination , employing people in an irregular manner, rewarding farmers and mulberry trees, developing the economy, knowing people well and accepting their advice. During the half century he was in charge of the government, social stability and economic development laid the foundation for the later \”Kaiyuan Heyday\”. 37. Di Renjie has many peaches all over the world: Wu Zetian trusted and respected Di Renjie very much, relying on his decision-making in everything, and honored him as \”the elder of the country\”. Di Renjie recommended many people to Wu Zetian, who later became famous officials in the Tang Dynasty, including Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi, The capable ministers who govern the world all come from Di Renjie\’s sect, so they are called \”the world is full of peaches and plums\”. 38. Li Bai and Du Fu are the most outstanding poets in history. Li Bai, whose courtesy name is Taibai, is known as the \”Poetry Immortal\” by later generations. He is the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan; Du Fu, whose courtesy name is Zimei, is known as the \”Shixian\” by later generations. \”Saint\” is a great realist poet. In 744 AD, the two literary giants met in Luoyang, which became a historical legend. Wen Yiduo once compared the encounter between the two to the collision of the sun and the moon. 39. Two famous calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty: Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, later generations called them \”Yan Jin Liu Gu\” to describe their calligraphy style. 40. Wang Anshi’s Reform: Wang Anshi was a famous politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. After Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, Wang Anshi was appointed as the Councilor and began political reforms, which achieved certain results. After Shenzong died of illness in 1085 AD, the conservative faction came to power and all new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi wrote a lot in his life and was one of the eight great prose writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties.