Here are all the key points of feeding in the first year after giving birth

Key points for feeding during the newborn stage • The stomach capacity of a 1-day-old baby is about 5 to 7ml, or about the size of a marble ball. The small amount of colostrum that is just secreted can just meet the baby\’s needs. • On the third day, the newborn\’s stomach capacity increases to about 30 ml, or the size of a large glass ball. Small, frequent feedings ensure your baby gets the amount of breast milk he needs. • On the 7th day, the stomach capacity of a newborn is about 60ml, or the size of a table tennis ball. Continuing to feed frequently can ensure that the baby gets the amount of breast milk he needs, and also ensures that the mother\’s milk production can meet the baby\’s needs. • If a baby under one month old sleeps for more than 4 hours at a time, he should be woken up for feeding. After the full moon, there is generally no need to wake up for breastfeeding. • Approximately 90~120ml each time is enough for babies after 10 days of age. • Breastfed babies are fed on demand, regardless of specific time. Don\’t use the amount of milk you express to measure the amount your baby eats at one time, and think that your baby doesn\’t eat enough. • Formula-fed babies should generally be fed during the confinement period as long as the baby cries for milk because of hunger. Gradually, the baby will form his own feeding pattern. If the mother observes carefully, she will find that the baby usually feeds once every 3-4 hours. Feeding Key Points for 1-6 Months Breastfed babies usually feed their babies 8-12 times in 24 hours a day. The specific feeding time does not need to be fixed. The interval between feedings can be long or short. You urinate at least 6 times a day (wet 4-8 diapers), and usually have 3-4 bowel movements. The daily milk intake during the full moon is about 720ml. How to know if your baby is fed • Clue 1: Look at the diaper. Month 1: Wet diapers at least 6 times a day. Usually there are 3-4 bowel movements. Then the frequency of bowel movements gradually decreased to once a day or once every other day. • Clue 2: Listen to the sound. The swallowing sound of a baby when sucking milk usually occurs after a few consecutive sucks. If the baby appears satisfied after feeding, it means the baby is full. • Clue 3: Weight gain. If fed adequately, the baby will gain 420~840g of weight per month in the first 3 months. From 3 to 6 months, the baby\’s weight grows around 420g every month. If you return to work and feel that your milk production has decreased; the following methods can help you increase your milk production: • Try to increase the frequency of feeding your baby • Use a breast pump regularly to increase lactation for formula-fed babies • A few days after birth, If the baby is fed formula milk, the food intake will reach 60~90ml each time. After the full month: 120ml each time, once every 4 hours. In the second month, the baby can eat approximately 120~150ml of milk each time. The baby reaches the 4th month. A baby can eat 150~180ml of milk in one month. The specific intake will vary from person to person. The total intake is generally 750~900ml. In the 5th month, the baby can eat 180~210ml of milk each time. Baby in the 6th month: 180~240ml each time, 4~5 times a day. The maximum limit for the baby to drink milk in a single time is notIf it exceeds 240ml, the total amount of formula milk per day shall not exceed 960ml; each baby has individual differences, and it may not be the same every day or every time, and it may not be able to meet the recommended amount. Babies will constantly adjust their intake according to their individual needs, so don’t get too hung up on a certain amount. As long as the baby is in good spirits and grows and develops normally, there will be no problem. For babies aged 7 to 9 months, ensure 600~800ml of milk every day and add 2~3 meals of complementary food. For babies aged 10-12 months, ensure 600ml of milk per day and add 2~3 meals of complementary food. For babies aged 1-2 years old, add three meals and two meals Guaranteed 500ml milk volume. For babies over 2 years old, 400ml of milk is guaranteed based on three meals and two o\’clock. DrG’s Q&A time 1. How to feed your baby breast milk without pain? Proper latch on can prevent nipple pain and chapped nipples. The baby\’s position should be changed for each feeding to distribute the pressure on the milk ducts from the same direction. Mothers need to help the baby properly latch on to the areola and not just the nipple. 2. What should I do if my breasts are swollen? The best way to prevent it is to breastfeed your baby frequently and express a little if there is swelling between feedings. Try to give your baby access to both breasts every time. You can apply hot compress before breastfeeding, which will help speed up circulation and promote the flow of milk; if swelling is still there, you can also apply cold compress after breastfeeding, which can relieve swelling and pain. 3. What to do if you have mastitis? If you have mastitis, the general treatment is to empty the breasts (suck by the baby or use a breast pump); take antibiotics or infusion. The doctor will prescribe antibiotics that you can take during breastfeeding based on your situation. Do not stop breastfeeding or mastitis will worsen. During mastitis, breast milk is not infected, so breastfeeding will not harm the baby. 4. I heard that the baby had several seizures in the first 6 months? Yes. The baby\’s rapid growth phase often occurs when the baby is 2 to 3 weeks old; then around 6 weeks; and again around 3 months old. During these stages of rapid growth, your baby will constantly want to feed, not because you don\’t have enough milk, nor because your baby doesn\’t have enough to eat. If the baby feeds frequently during this period, the mother\’s breasts will respond to this frequent feeding demand and increase milk production. Do not artificially add milk powder. 5. My baby cries day and night and wants to be held. I am exhausted. What should I do? It seems likely that your baby is a baby with high needs. This type of baby always needs to be held and coaxed for a long time, and likes to be carried around by adults. They often like to lie on their mother\’s body and take a few mouthfuls of milk as a \”snack\” from time to time, and then take a nap. Sometimes they wake up again within half an hour. Although these babies are more difficult to take care of, their weight gain is usually within the normal range. Consider using a sling or other means of carrying the baby on your body, or a cradle to help soothe your baby. 6. I have always heard that babies cannot drink pure milk. Why is this? Babies under 1 year old cannot drink milk. The reason is that milk cannot be easily and completely digested by babies. But breast milk or formula is OK. Pure cow\’s milk contains high concentrations of protein and minerals, which can put a strain on the kidneys of immature babies. Pure milk lacks enough ironand other nutrients needed by babies. Because babies under 1 year old should not be fed pure milk. When your baby reaches 1 year old, you can try to give your baby pure milk. Once accepted, pure milk can be used as the main source of milk for babies aged 1+. However, it must also be ensured that the baby can take in enough nutritious and balanced food (staple food, fish, meat, eggs, fruits and vegetables, etc.). 7. At what age should babies start to supplement vitamin D? How can babies supplement calcium and vitamin D? The baby starts supplementing 2 weeks after birth. Breastfed babies can start supplementing with a preventive dose of vitamin D 400IU/d until they are 2 years old. (After the age of 2, children spend a lot of time outdoors, the local sunshine is sufficient, and there is no haze, so there is no need to supplement.) If the baby is purely formula-fed, there is basically no need to supplement vitamin D. In theory, mixed-fed babies need to convert the daily intake of vitamin D from formula milk and make up the difference to 400IU/d; if they cannot convert, if the daily formula milk is less than 500mL, they still need to supplement 400IU of vitamin D every day. If the formula milk amount is 500IU ~1000mL, the supplementary amount can be halved. (If you are too lazy to calculate, in fact, babies who drink less than 900ml of formula milk per day can supplement 400IU of vitamin D every day.) 8. Do babies need iron supplements? 0-6 months: The daily iron requirement is 0.3 mg. The main source is breast milk and formula milk. Generally, no additional iron supplement is required, unless the baby is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. 6 months to 1 year old: Daily iron requirement is 10 mg, the main sources are breast milk, formula milk, red meat, animal blood, animal liver, and fish; generally no additional iron supplement is required unless diagnosed with deficiency. Babies with iron anemia. Once iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed, iron supplements should be used as soon as possible. This is because iron deficiency in babies under two years of age can impair cognitive abilities, and iron deficiency in infancy can lead to irreversible neurodevelopmental damage that can last into adulthood. If iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed, supplementation should be considered. Iron supplementation has a faster effect and will reduce neurodevelopmental damage. Food supplements generally take longer. 9. Can babies drink water and juice? Babies under 6 months of age generally do not need additional water. If you need to replenish water, drinking milk can do it. After babies are introduced to complementary foods after 6 months of age, they will need additional water. Can be given in small amounts. It doesn’t matter if the baby is not willing to accept it for a while. The baby will learn to drink water sooner or later. You can think of ways to try more. It is not recommended to give juice to babies under 1 year old, even freshly squeezed juice. Allowing babies to develop the habit of drinking juice instead of plain water may cause them to only drink sweet drinks when they grow up, which may lead to overweight, obesity, tooth decay and other problems. 10. What should I do if my baby always spits up milk? Not being able to burp and spitting out milk is a common phenomenon for babies at this stage. Sometimes it\’s because the milk you fed your baby exceeds the capacity of the baby\’s stomach, and sometimes it\’s because you burped and spit out the milk you just drank. There is generally no need to worry when a baby spits up milk. As your baby grows older, spitting up will become less and less frequent. However, if the baby vomits frequently and severely, and the vomit contains yellow-green or brown liquid, or even has a strong odor, or has fever, diarrhea, semen, etc.If you are in a bad state of mind, have little urine, etc., you should go to the hospital as soon as possible. It is unrealistic to completely solve the problem of spitting up milk, but there are some relief methods worth trying. Methods to prevent and relieve vomiting include: try not to cry before feeding; do not lie down to feed; avoid being disturbed while the baby is feeding; babies who are fed formula milk should be burped after 3-5 minutes of feeding; Hold the baby for half an hour and do not play vigorously; try to feed the baby before he is extremely hungry to avoid overeating the baby at one time; 11. The baby was born naturally, his head is a little deformed, and there are red spots on the whites of his eyes? Some babies born vaginally will have their heads squeezed and elongated when they are born, and they may look a little deformed. Sometimes there will be some edema. In fact, you don’t need to be too nervous. It usually disappears in about 1 week. If it is a cephalohematoma, it usually takes 2 to 3 months to disappear. Bleeding spots in the whites of the eyes will subside in about 3-4 weeks. 12. How long does it take for the scab on the baby’s umbilical cord to fall off? The baby\’s umbilical cord stump usually falls off in about 10 to 20 days. Try to keep the navel as clean and dry as possible. Parents who use diapers should be careful not to exceed the level of the umbilical cord to avoid friction that may lead to poor scab healing (or contaminated diapers immersing the umbilical cord stump) and infection. If there is yellow and smelly secretion from the umbilical cord; the umbilical cord cries when touched, or it has not fallen off for more than 3 weeks, or if granulation grows after falling off, you need to seek medical treatment. 13. When does the baby\’s fontanel close? The posterior fontanel usually closes when the baby is 2 to 3 months old. We usually see that the fontanel in front of the baby usually closes within 24 months of the baby, and most of them close around 1 and a half years old. The fontanel can be touched gently without being particularly nervous. 14. Does the baby need to have his hair shaved? The fetal hair that comes with the baby when he is born, whether black and yellow or thick or thin, will gradually fall off within 6 months and then be replaced by mature hair. So you don’t have to shave it deliberately, it will fall off on its own. 15. What should I do if my baby has umbilical hernia? Some babies have very bulging abdomens, and when the baby cries, there is a bulge in the navel. It is not serious at all, and will usually resolve on its own when the baby is 1-1.5 years old. Parents do not need to do anything extra. They do not need to do anything to put pressure on the bulging area. They need to tie coins to the belly button or tie a hernia belt. These practices may cause greater harm to the baby. Parents can try their best to actively comfort their babies when they cry and reduce the crying time.